Wednesday, February 12, 2014

Defensive firearms on a bare-bones budget


Following my article last night on how to prepare for economic hard times, I've had a couple of queries from readers about my emphasis on security.  They state that they know little or nothing about firearms, and have very little money to spend, but would like to be able to defend themselves and their families if push comes to shove.  What should they buy?

This is a very tricky question to answer.  Money definitely counts in terms of the quality of the firearms available to us.  Low cost often equals low quality - sometimes very severe safety issues as well.  (For example, I can't recommend handguns offered under the Lorcin, Jennings, Bryco, Cobra, Raven or Jimenez brand names.  On the other hand, some low-cost handguns have proved surprisingly reliable in operation.)

The first and most important consideration is that it's pointless to buy a firearm unless you're prepared to learn how to use it safely, accurately and effectively.  You can literally be more of a danger to yourself and your family than to an aggressor if you try to use a firearm without any training or practice.  For that reason, my initial recommendation to any novice firearm purchaser is to buy a training weapon first.  This will not be a firearm as such, but a BB or Airsoft gun of similar type to what you plan to use for defense.

  • If you plan to purchase a semi-automatic pistol, buy a BB pistol like this one (I've bought three of them so far, and highly recommend them) or an Airsoft pistol like this one (which I also know from personal experience).  Of course, you don't have to select one of those - there are many other choices out there.  Do your own research.  Buy also enough air cylinders (for gas-operated pistols) and ammo (BB's or airsoft pellets) for at least 1,000 rounds of training - I personally prefer 5,000.
  • If you plan to purchase a double-action revolver, buy a similar BB revolver or Airsoft equivalent for training purposes, again with enough ammo as described above.  (I don't have personal experience with either model, so I can't make any promises about them.)
  • If you want to buy a pump-action shotgun, try this as a training equivalent.
  • If you're after a lever-action rifle, how about this one?
  • If you haven't yet decided what type of weapon you want to buy, start training anyway!  Buy a basic BB or Airsoft handgun or long gun and put it to good use.  You'll find that basic shooting skills translate relatively easily between weapon types.  While you're learning the basics, you can save your money to buy the real thing.

You can find equivalent BB or Airsoft clones of many regular firearms, and typically buy one of them and air cartridges and ammunition for well under $100 total.  Use them, plus instructional video clips from YouTube (ignore the 'tacticool' over-the-top videos with rock music soundtracks - look for sober, sensible presentations without hype) and the help of friends who know what they're doing, to get a basic idea of how to aim and fire a weapon.  Concentrate on slow, accurate shooting at first, until you can put all your rounds into the center of a target (I use the cheapest grade of 8" paper, plastic or foam disposable plates).  Start at close range (10-15 feet) and extend it as you get better, until you can group 10 rounds inside 4"-6" at 15-20 yards on demand.  (This assumes your training weapon is capable of such accuracy, of course.)

Once you've learned the basics of accurate shooting, try to shoot faster without losing accuracy.  Defensive shooting is typically at close range, so set up small targets (e.g. tennis balls to start, later progressing to even smaller table-tennis or squash balls) at varying distances (10-15 feet at first, moving out in stages to 15-20 yards) and try to hit them.  I've trained several wheelchair-bound shooters to hit a rolling squash or table-tennis ball (or a target of similar size) with at least 7 out of 10 rounds from a handgun at distances of 10 to 20 feet, all within 5 to 6 seconds.  That may sound daunting, but after a few thousand rounds of practice, starting with a BB pistol and progressing to a .22LR firearm, they didn't find this too difficult.  As I said to them, if they can hit a small, moving target that often at that range, they should have little trouble hitting someone threatening their safety!

I highly recommend taking a basic training course from a qualified instructor if possible.  Many shooting ranges offer NRA courses, and some police and sheriff's departments offer firearms training for citizens.  They'll probably expect you to use a real gun when you attend the course, rather than a BB or Airsoft 'toy', but they may be able to arrange a 'loaner' firearm for you.  There's no harm in asking.  Expect to pay $50-$100 for this level of training, plus the cost of ammunition.

All right - you've invested in a BB or Airsoft weapon and practiced enough to be able to hit what you're aiming at.  That's a great start.  Now, on your very limited budget, what's worth buying for defensive use?

I recommend a shotgun as a basic home defense weapon.  It's mechanically simple, usually pretty reliable, and powerful enough to stop most intruders in their tracks if the worst comes to the worst.  I've written about shotguns for home defense in a three part series of articles - follow each of those links to read more about the subject.  There's also an excellent introduction to defensive shotguns here.  You can buy a perfectly serviceable new Chinese-made shotgun for $200-$250, and used models of US shotguns are available for similar prices.  Look for a shorter barrel (18"-20") and, if possible, magazine capacity of at least 5 rounds - some offer up to 8 rounds.  If you want maximum ammunition versatility, go for the 12 gauge offerings;  20 gauge is almost as effective (and my recommended choice for those who are new to shotguns), but defensive ammunition (buckshot and slug) isn't always as freely available.  (You can get reduced recoil buckshot and slug ammo for 12ga. shotguns that's easier to control than full-house loads.)



Mossberg 500 Bantam 20ga. youth model shotgun



I recommend any of the following shotguns (if used, have an expert check their condition before you buy them):


There are many others out there that may serve you well;  but in terms of quality and value for money, the four I've mentioned have worked for me.  YMMV.  You should be able to get a new or used example of any of the above, plus enough cheap birdshot ammunition to become familiar with it and some buckshot and/or slugs for home defense, for not more than $300 in all.

If you want a handgun instead, that can be a problem.  A quality name-brand handgun will usually cost $300-$500 used, and $500-$750 new.  There's a plethora of designs and variations out there, and choosing the right one can be bewildering.  However, if price is the ultimate consideration there's one handgun that's relatively low-cost ($175-$250 retail, depending on model and caliber), but runs surprisingly well in practice.  That's the Hi-Point range of pistols (manufacturer's Web site here).



Hi-Point 9mm. pistol



I don't like them;  they feel over-large, clunky and ungainly in my hands, and give the outward impression of poor quality.  Nevertheless, many people who own them report that they're reliable and accurate enough for defensive purposes.  Those that I've fired have lived up to that reputation.  Therefore, don't let my prejudices put you off;  try them for yourself.  They're certainly much more affordable than most of their competitors.  The company also makes a line of pistol-caliber carbines that have earned a reputation for reliability.  (I actually like their carbines much better than their handguns.)  I'd still rather save my money until I could afford something better, but that's my opinion.  A bad guy will hate to get shot by any gun!

I don't know a low-cost double-action revolver that's of adequate quality to satisfy me.  If I'm going to have to spend $300-$400 to buy a Charter Arms or Rossi model, I'd rather spend as much or a little more on a higher-quality used Smith & Wesson revolver.  (Get an expert to check it out before purchasing it, to make sure you aren't buying someone else's problem.)

(EDITED TO ADD:  Reader Sport Pilot has offered one alternative that seems intriguing - see the foot of this article for details.)

However, there's one low-cost revolver for trail and camping use that can also serve for defensive purposes in a pinch.  It's the Heritage Arms series of single-action revolvers, available in rimfire and centerfire calibers.  Their .22LR and .22WMR revolvers are very affordable, many costing less than $200 retail - I own a couple myself, and like them.  (I agree that .22 rimfire, either LR or WMR, is marginal as a defensive round;  but it's better than nothing).  Their centerfire models are more expensive, but still offer value for money compared to higher-grade competitors.



Heritage Arms .22LR/.22WMR single-action revolver



Most instructors (including myself) agree that a single-action revolver is slow to reload and not as fast to shoot as a double-action revolver, making it less than optimum for defensive use.  Nevertheless, I can't help remembering that the Old West was settled with the aid of such revolvers, and their modern users like the members of the Single Action Shooting Society (SASS - also known as 'cowboy action shooting') demonstrate remarkable speed and accuracy with them.  (Look on YouTube for videos of their prowess.)  A single-action revolver will serve you as well as you train yourself to use it.

Whatever you buy, make sure you also purchase enough practice ammunition to familiarize yourself with your weapon of choice, and also buy some premium defensive ammo to take care of "things that go bump in the night".  In today's market, ammo can be hard to come by, so don't buy a gun that uses a cartridge you can't find for love or money!

In my experience, you can buy a BB or Airsoft training weapon, plus enough gas cartridges and pellets to train yourself to an adequate level of performance, plus a defensive weapon (one of the shotguns or handguns mentioned above), plus sufficient practice ammunition to become familiar with it, plus a small quantity of higher-quality defensive ammunition, for a total expenditure of under $500.  If you wish to ignore my advice to get a BB or Airsoft training weapon and/or attend an entry-level training course, you can knock $100-$200 off that total.  I don't think you'll be able to do much better than that.

What do you think, readers?  Any suggestions?

Peter


EDITED TO ADD:  In a comment, reader Sport Pilot tells us about the M5 12-gauge shotgun and the M200 and M206 .38 Special revolvers, all made by Armscor in the Philippines.



Armscor M200



I have no personal experience of these firearms, but I found this review of the revolvers that seems positive.  I was interested to read that one can use grips made for the Colt Detective Special to replace those supplied from the factory - an important consideration to improve a revolver's fit and feel in one's hand.  I'm going to see about getting one to test in due course.  Thanks for the heads-up, Sport Pilot.  At a retail price that appears to be in the $220-$250 range (if one can find them) these might be a value-for-money proposition.

A couple of readers have suggested single-shot shotguns like these (a review is here).  I like them as 'fun guns', but I tend to argue against them for defensive use, because for not much more money you can get a pump-action shotgun with greater magazine capacity.  However, for those with so little money that they can't afford any of the firearms I've discussed above, I suggest these as viable 'last choice' weapons.  I've found several used examples for disabled students who had less than $100 to spend.  They were able to buy the gun, a 25-round box of birdshot for familiarization and training, and a 5-round box of buckshot for defensive use within that budget.  It's hard to beat those numbers.

13 comments:

Sport Pilot said...

Of the below both revolvers are priced favorably in comparison to Charter Arms revolvers and are of very good quality, though roughly finished. The 12 gauge pump shotgun is slightly over the $200.00 mark and is of equally good quality.
http://us.armscor.com/products/m206
http://us.armscor.com/
http://us.armscor.com/products/m5-shotgun
Don’t rule out the NEF .410/20/12 gauge shotguns as a viable home protection tool. The lowly 410 is a devastatingly deadly tool in capable hands and quickly reloaded. I have personal knowledge of one multiple homicide commented by a deranged male subject. He casually strolled through the house shooting and reloading his little single shot 410 before returning to his own abode.

Anonymous said...

Very relevant topic - thanks for bringing it up. I think a lot of people are FINALLY waking up to what our Reality may become and are starting to take measures to protect their lives and their families. Firearms and ammunition are expensive, but without them, you are left with no means to protect yourself. Just a fact.

I 2nd the recommendation of the single shot shotgun (or rifle combination). The .22lr and 12 or 20 gauge will give you options. When or if you upgrade later, makes a great 'stash' gun or a weapon you can hand over to complete newbies with simple instructions on how to operate.

Again - good article.

Old NFO said...

Great post Peter, and 'A' gun is better than no gun... The only thing I would add is that the grip be comfortable for the user... Armscor also manufactured guns for Charles Daly, I can't say for sure they still do, but they had a 'decent' reputation.

skidmark said...

You have done a great disservice to and endangered your readers by not stating the most important issue in owning a firearm for self defense - the willingness to use it.

Until someone has had the conversation with themself on whether or not they are, without question or hesitation, willing to shoot another human being, knowing that the most likely result of doing so wiull be the sudden and violent death of that person, they should not even begin to consider possession of a firearm for self defense purposes. And unless they can say they are unconditionally and unreservedly willing to do so, they should not possess a firearm for self defense purposes.

Neither the possession of nor the presence of firearms endow one with a magical talisman that will protect them from evil or physical harm. Firearms in the hands of those willing and determined to use them are certainly more effective and efficient than a cricket bat. On the other hand, a cricket bat in the hands of someone willing and determined to use it is many times more effective and efficient than a firearm in the hands of someone who will still be debating with themself about whether or not to shoot when the Bad Guy is bashing in their brains or slitting their throat or whatever other harm said Bad Guy chooses to offer.

It is only when you are utterly sure that should the need arise yu will without hesitation use the self defense firearm for its intended purpose that one can move to the next step - deciding what kind of firearm to get.

stay safe.

Fargazer said...

The Walther PPX is available for less than $400, and is a high quality gun. My wife got one for Christmas and has been very impressed.

Anonymous said...

+1 Skidmark!

I always ask a student to decided for what and where you will take another humans life. They need to understand that in stopping an attack, someone may die.

Waving a firearm around or trying to wound someone is a plan for failure.

Gerry

Sunnybrook Farm said...

I keep #6 shot turkey loads in a 12 gauge, the are instant burger loads, where they hit turns to burger. Anything out of that range has to contend with an M1 with soft point 30-06. I am in a remote location with a clear field of fire.

Comrade Misfit said...

When I was a lot younger, I had one of the DA .22 pellet revolvers. I put a heck of a lot of rounds through that thing.

Because it was both what I could afford and what I had the space to shoot. I never thought that it might have made me a competent revolver shooter.

Well Seasoned Fool said...

My choice, a .44 Special Charter Arms Bulldog acquired used in the late 1990's. Back when they were available, I bought "Cowboy Action" rounds for training and more powerful rounds for carry. This bulldog has had more than 1,000 rounds sent down range with zero problems. I'm a large individual and the recoil with Pachmayr replacement grips doesn't bother me. I have it for self defense, not being a dedicated shooter, and I know when I pull the trigger it will go "bang".

Sport Pilot said...

My pleasure to assist Peter, I’ve a lifelong fascination with firearms of the early to mid twentieth century and spent a career in law enforcement. In shooting my first loves were S&W K & N frame revolvers closely followed by those of the prancing pony. It’s pleasing to recognize the influences of older revolvers and pistols displayed in contemporary marketing. The Philippians are an evolving economy which bears scrutiny as indication of potential global influences. Now more to the point of current interest in home protection and such as you discuses in teaching handicapped shooters to shoot. Never rule out the utility of wax bullets in training. It’s simple, inexpensive and even renewable. Obtain paraffin wax, empty revolver cases, primers, de-priming tool (a hand punch and leather pad suffices), then a priming tool. Melt wax, poor onto cookie sheet, allow cooling and press freshly primed case’s mouth first through the wax. All you need now is an empty cardboard box with a towel backstop, a target and time to practice. It really works and is accurate at short distances. Enjoy.

Anonymous said...

Peter;
I took a CCW course (which turned into a Glock 19 commercial) with my 1911A1 and decided to look into a 9mm. TriStar offers pistols that are CZ clones. I picked up a T100 listed at $350, This is a clone of the CZ75 compact.
So far limited experiance-less than 500 rounds of white box, but nary a FTF or FTE.
As it gets a bit chilly here in Wisconsin I'm not sure when I will get 500 rounds in, bit there is a local IDPA club that I'm going to look into.
I'll let you know how this CZ75 clone does.(Made by an ISO 9000 factory in Turkey-wonder of they are allies today...)
Jim Kelly

Jim said...

My experience with the TriStar T100 jibes with that above. I've made two modifications. First I added a set of VZ grips and then a spring kit from Cajun Gun Works to improve the double action trigger I ran several hundred rounds through it to check for reliability and since it passed that, now use it as my EDC, There's some decent stuff coming out of Turkey.

Jonathan H said...

The place where single shot or bolt action weapons are recommended for self defense is not for their utility but for legal reasons. I started shooting in Maryland; a lawyer I hunted with recommended an unmodified 'hunting
style' weapon in a youth size, such as one of the formerly inexpensive Rossi youth combos.
The 'hunting style' part is so that it is easy to make the argument that you grabbed your hunting shotgun/ rifle to defend yourself, and the youth part is because the shorter length is easier to handle indoors. The shorter lighter weapon is also easier to use in the woods, for example for rabbit or squirrel hunting.